Education Budget in Ghana: Key Insights, Challenges, and Implications for National Development

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May 10, 2026

Education Budget in Ghana: Key Insights, Challenges, and Implications for National Development

Ferdinand | EducationGhana | May 10 | How to Improve Student Performance in Basic Schools in Ghana: A Practical Guide for Teachers and School Leaders

Explore Ghana’s education budget in detail. Learn how government spending affects schools, teachers, infrastructure, and learning outcomes across the country.

Introduction

Education remains one of the most important sectors in Ghana’s national development agenda. Every year, the government allocates billions of cedis toward improving access, infrastructure, teacher salaries, curriculum reforms, and educational programs. The education budget therefore plays a critical role in shaping the quality and direction of learning across the country.

However, debates surrounding Ghana’s education budget continue to intensify. While some argue that the country has made significant investment progress through initiatives such as Free Senior High School (Free SHS), others believe that critical challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, teacher shortages, limited learning materials, and inequitable resource distribution still persist.

Understanding the education budget is important not only for policymakers but also for teachers, parents, researchers, and students. Budget decisions directly affect classroom conditions, teacher motivation, learning opportunities, and educational outcomes.

This article provides a practical analysis of Ghana’s education budget, including how funds are allocated, major challenges, and the broader implications for national development.

The discussion draws on policy directions from the Ministry of Education Ghana, the Ministry of Finance Ghana, and implementation structures within the Ghana Education Service.

Understanding Ghana’s Education Budget

The education budget refers to the financial allocation made by government to support the education sector within a fiscal year.

The budget covers:

Teacher salaries
Infrastructure development
Learning materials
Curriculum implementation
Scholarships and interventions
Technical and vocational education
Educational administration

Education consistently receives one of the largest portions of Ghana’s national budget due to its importance in national development.

Why Education Funding Matters

Investment in education affects both individual and national progress.

1. Improves Human Capital Development

Education equips citizens with knowledge, skills, and competencies required for economic growth.

Practical Example

A well-funded science laboratory enables learners to develop practical scientific skills that prepare them for careers in medicine, engineering, and technology.

2. Reduces Inequality

Educational funding supports disadvantaged communities and promotes equal access to learning opportunities.

Example

Government support for capitation grants and Free SHS reduces financial barriers for low-income families.

3. Supports National Economic Growth

Countries with stronger educational systems often experience higher productivity and innovation.

Institutions such as UNESCO consistently emphasise the connection between educational investment and sustainable development.

Major Areas of Education Spending in Ghana

1. Teacher Compensation

A significant portion of Ghana’s education budget goes into salaries and allowances for teachers.

The teaching workforce remains the backbone of the education system.

Practical Example

When teacher salaries are delayed or inadequate, motivation may decline, affecting classroom performance and learner outcomes.

Additional Areas Covered

Professional development programmes
Teacher licensure support
Continuous professional development (CPD)

The National Teaching Council Ghana plays a role in teacher professional standards and training.

2. Free Senior High School (Free SHS)

The Free SHS policy remains one of Ghana’s largest educational interventions.

Funding supports:

Tuition
Feeding
Textbooks
Boarding facilities

Positive Impact of Free SHS

Increased Enrolment

Many students who previously could not afford secondary education now have access.

Practical Example

A student from a rural community who would have dropped out after JHS is now able to complete secondary education due to government support.

Challenges Associated with Free SHS

Despite its achievements, challenges remain:

Overcrowding in schools
Pressure on infrastructure
Double-track system concerns
Delays in funding release

3. Infrastructure Development

Educational infrastructure includes:

Classroom blocks
Libraries
Laboratories
ICT centres
Dormitories

Practical Example

A school without adequate classroom space may combine multiple classes into one room, reducing teaching effectiveness.

Rural and Urban Disparities

Some rural schools continue to face:

Poor classroom conditions
Inadequate furniture
Lack of electricity and internet access

These inequalities affect learning quality significantly.

4. Teaching and Learning Materials

Budget allocations support:

Textbooks
Teacher manuals
Science equipment
ICT tools

Practical Example

A Mathematics teacher using visual aids and teaching materials improves learner understanding more effectively than relying only on verbal explanations.

5. Curriculum Reform and Implementation

The standards-based curriculum introduced new financial demands.

Funding is required for:

Teacher training
Curriculum materials
Assessment reforms

The National Council for Curriculum and Assessment oversees curriculum standards and implementation guidance.

6. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)

TVET has gained increased attention in recent years.

Funding supports:

Technical institutes
Practical workshops
Skills training programmes

Importance of TVET

TVET helps reduce unemployment by equipping learners with practical skills.

Example

Students trained in electrical installation, carpentry, or welding may become self-employed after graduation.

7. Scholarships and Student Support

Government and educational agencies provide scholarships for:

Brilliant but needy students
Students with disabilities
Higher education support

Challenges Facing Ghana’s Education Budget

1. Inadequate Funding Relative to Demand

Although education receives substantial funding, demands continue to increase.

Example

Increasing enrolment means more classrooms, teachers, and learning materials are needed.

2. Delayed Release of Funds

Schools sometimes experience delays in receiving operational funds.

Practical Impact

A headteacher may postpone purchasing learning materials due to delayed capitation grants.

3. Infrastructure Deficits

Many schools still lack:

Libraries
Laboratories
ICT facilities

4. Urban-Rural Inequality

Urban schools often receive better facilities and teacher distribution than rural schools.

5. Overdependence on Government Funding

Some schools struggle because alternative funding sources are limited.

The Role of Accountability and Transparency

Efficient use of educational funds is essential.

Stakeholders must ensure:

Proper procurement processes
Monitoring of projects
Accountability in spending

Practical Example

A school receives funds for classroom renovation. Without proper monitoring, the project may remain incomplete despite financial allocation.

Education Budget and Learning Outcomes

Funding alone does not guarantee quality education.

Effective outcomes require:

Strong leadership
Teacher commitment
Efficient management
Proper supervision

Example

Two schools may receive similar resources, yet one performs better due to stronger school leadership and effective teaching.

The Role of Teachers in Maximising Resources

Teachers must use available resources creatively.

Practical Example

Where laboratories are unavailable, a science teacher may improvise materials using locally available objects.

Role of Parents and Communities

Communities can support schools through:

PTA contributions
Volunteer support
Community-led projects

International Support and Partnerships

Ghana’s education sector also benefits from international partnerships.

Organisations such as UNICEF and World Bank support educational programmes and infrastructure projects.

Future Directions for Education Funding in Ghana

To improve educational outcomes, future priorities may include:

Increased investment in infrastructure
Expanded digital learning
Teacher professional development
Improved rural education support

Internal Learning Support

Related articles:

New Curriculum in Ghana Explained
How to Improve Student Performance in Basic Schools
Teacher Licensure Examination Guide

Conclusion

The education budget remains one of the most important tools for national development in Ghana. It influences classroom conditions, teacher quality, infrastructure, and access to learning opportunities.

While Ghana has made progress through initiatives such as Free SHS and curriculum reforms, challenges relating to infrastructure, equity, funding delays, and resource distribution still require attention.

Effective educational investment must combine adequate funding with accountability, innovation, and strong implementation strategies. Sustainable improvement in education depends not only on how much is spent but also on how effectively resources are managed and utilised.

Continuous Assessment Explained in Ghana: A Complete Guide for Teachers

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FERDINAND ELLIS

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May 10, 2026

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Continuous Assessment Explained in Ghana: A Complete Guide for Teachers

Ferdinand | EducationGhana | May 10 | How to Improve Student Performance in Basic Schools in Ghana: A Practical Guide for Teachers and School Leaders

Learn how continuous assessment works in Ghana’s education system. This detailed guide explains formative assessment, practical classroom examples, recording methods, and strategies for effective implementation.

Introduction

Assessment is one of the most important aspects of teaching and learning. It helps teachers determine whether learners understand what has been taught and whether instructional goals have been achieved. In Ghana’s standards-based curriculum, assessment is no longer viewed as an activity conducted only at the end of a term or examination period. Instead, assessment is integrated into the entire teaching and learning process through continuous assessment.

Continuous assessment enables teachers to monitor learner progress regularly, identify learning difficulties early, and provide support before problems become severe. When implemented effectively, it improves learner understanding, participation, confidence, and academic performance.

However, many teachers still misunderstand continuous assessment. Some reduce it to class exercises and tests alone, while others struggle with proper recording and feedback procedures. This guide provides a practical explanation of continuous assessment with examples relevant to Ghanaian classrooms.

The approaches discussed align with expectations from the Ghana Education Service and curriculum guidelines from the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment.

What Is Continuous Assessment?

Continuous assessment refers to the systematic process of evaluating learners throughout the teaching and learning period rather than relying only on final examinations.

It involves:

Monitoring learner progress regularly
Providing feedback for improvement
Using assessment results to guide teaching

Continuous assessment is both formative and diagnostic.

Understanding Formative Assessment

Formative assessment is assessment used to improve learning during instruction.

Practical Example

A Mathematics teacher teaches fractions and notices many learners cannot solve practice questions correctly. Instead of moving to the next topic immediately, the teacher revises the concept using practical objects like oranges or bottle tops.

This is formative assessment because the teacher uses learner responses to improve instruction.

Why Continuous Assessment Matters

1. Identifies Learning Difficulties Early

Continuous assessment helps teachers detect problems before examinations.

Example

A learner consistently performs poorly in spelling exercises. The teacher identifies the issue early and provides additional reading practice before the end-of-term examination.

2. Improves Teaching Effectiveness

Assessment reveals whether teaching methods are working.

Example

A Science teacher notices learners perform better during practical activities than during lectures. The teacher then increases activity-based learning.

3. Encourages Learner Participation

When learners know participation contributes to assessment, they become more engaged.

Example

A teacher awards participation marks during group discussions, encouraging even shy learners to contribute.

4. Reduces Overdependence on Final Exams

Continuous assessment ensures that student evaluation is based on multiple learning activities rather than a single examination.

Components of Continuous Assessment

Continuous assessment includes several classroom activities.

1. Class Exercises

Short exercises help reinforce learning.

Example

After teaching nouns, the English teacher asks learners to identify nouns from sentences written on the board.

2. Homework

Homework extends learning beyond the classroom.

Good Practice Example

Instead of giving excessive copying tasks, the teacher asks learners to observe environmental sanitation practices in their communities and report findings.

3. Oral Questions

Oral questioning checks immediate understanding.

Weak Question

“Do you understand?”

Better Question

“Can someone explain why plants need sunlight?”

4. Group Work

Collaborative tasks promote communication and problem-solving.

Example

Learners work in groups to discuss causes of pollution and present solutions.

5. Projects

Projects assess practical application of knowledge.

Example

Learners create posters promoting handwashing practices during a health lesson.

6. Observation

Teachers observe learner behaviour and participation.

Example

A teacher notices one learner rarely contributes during discussions and provides encouragement.

Characteristics of Effective Continuous Assessment

1. Regular

Assessment should occur consistently throughout instruction.

2. Comprehensive

It should evaluate:

Knowledge
Skills
Attitudes

3. Learner-Centred

Assessment should support learner growth rather than intimidate students.

4. Objective

Teachers should use fair and clear criteria.

Aligning Continuous Assessment with the Standards-Based Curriculum

The standards-based curriculum emphasises competencies.

Assessment should therefore measure:

Critical thinking
Communication
Creativity
Problem-solving

Practical Example

Instead of asking learners only to define erosion, ask them to explain how erosion affects farming in their community.

This promotes application of knowledge.

Continuous Assessment in Different Subjects

English Language

Assessment Examples

Reading aloud
Essay writing
Vocabulary quizzes

Practical Example

Learners write short paragraphs describing their school environment.

Mathematics

Assessment Examples

Problem-solving exercises
Mental calculations
Practical activities using objects

Example

Learners use bottle tops to demonstrate multiplication.

Science

Assessment Examples

Experiments
Observation tasks
Practical demonstrations

Example

Learners observe evaporation by placing water in sunlight.

Social Studies

Assessment Examples

Discussions
Case studies
Community observations

Example

Learners identify leadership roles within their community.

Recording Continuous Assessment

Proper record-keeping is essential.

What Teachers Should Record

Test scores
Participation
Assignments
Projects

Practical Example of a Record Sheet

Learner Name	Quiz	Homework	Participation	Project
Ama	8/10	9/10	Good	Excellent

Providing Effective Feedback

Feedback improves learning when it is constructive.

Weak Feedback

“Wrong.”

Effective Feedback

“Your answer is partly correct, but you need to explain your reasoning clearly.”

Common Mistakes Teachers Make

1. Assessing Only Through Tests

Continuous assessment should involve varied methods.

2. Giving Marks Without Feedback

Marks alone do not improve learning.

3. Focusing Only on High Performers

All learners need support.

4. Poor Record-Keeping

Inaccurate records affect reporting and learner support.

Challenges Facing Continuous Assessment in Ghana

Teachers often face:

Large class sizes
Limited time
Heavy workloads
Inadequate resources

Despite these challenges, simple and practical strategies can improve implementation.

Practical Solutions for Teachers

1. Use Simple Assessment Methods

Not every assessment must be formal.

Example

Quick oral questions during lessons can provide valuable feedback.

2. Incorporate Peer Assessment

Learners can review one another’s work under guidance.

3. Use Group Activities

Group assessment reduces workload while promoting collaboration.

Role of School Leaders

Headteachers should:

Support teachers with resources
Monitor assessment practices
Encourage professional development

Role of Parents

Parents support assessment by:

Monitoring homework
Encouraging study habits
Communicating with teachers

Technology and Continuous Assessment

Technology can simplify assessment processes.

Examples:

Online quizzes
Digital record systems
Educational apps

Internal Learning Support

External Reference

For official curriculum guidance, consult National Council for Curriculum and Assessment.

Conclusion

Continuous assessment is an essential part of effective teaching and learning. It allows teachers to identify learner needs, improve instructional methods, and support academic growth continuously rather than waiting for final examinations.

Teachers who apply continuous assessment thoughtfully and consistently create classrooms where learners develop confidence, understanding, and practical skills.

Continuous assessment is most effective when it is regular, learner-centred, constructive, and aligned with curriculum goals.

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Classroom Management Strategies That Work in Ghanaian Schools: A Practical Guide for Teachers

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FERDINAND ELLIS

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May 10, 2026

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Classroom Management Strategies That Work in Ghanaian Schools: A Practical Guide for Teachers

Ferdinand | EducationGhana | May 10 | How to Improve Student Performance in Basic Schools in Ghana: A Practical Guide for Teachers and School Leaders

Learn effective classroom management strategies for Ghanaian schools. This practical guide explains discipline, learner engagement, motivation, and classroom control with real examples.

Introduction

Classroom management is one of the most important skills every teacher must develop. Even the best lesson plan may fail if learners are distracted, disorganised, or disengaged. In many Ghanaian schools, teachers face challenges such as overcrowded classrooms, varying learner abilities, noise, lateness, and behavioural issues. Effective classroom management helps teachers create an environment where meaningful learning can take place.

Good classroom management is not about fear or punishment alone. It is about creating order, building respect, encouraging participation, and maintaining a positive learning atmosphere. Teachers who manage classrooms effectively often experience:

Better learner participation
Improved academic performance
Reduced disciplinary problems
Increased confidence in teaching

This article provides practical classroom management strategies with examples relevant to schools in Ghana. The recommendations align with expectations from the Ghana Education Service and current learner-centred approaches promoted by the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment.

Understanding Classroom Management

Classroom management refers to the methods and strategies teachers use to:

Maintain discipline
Organise learning activities
Promote learner participation
Create a safe and productive environment

Effective management allows teachers to focus more on teaching and less on controlling disruptions.

Why Classroom Management Matters

1. Improves Academic Performance

A calm and organised classroom improves concentration.

Practical Example

In one classroom, learners move around and interrupt lessons constantly. The teacher spends most of the lesson restoring order. In another classroom, routines are clear, transitions are smooth, and students remain focused. The second class completes more learning activities and performs better academically.

2. Encourages Learner Participation

Students participate more when they feel safe and respected.

Example

A teacher who allows learners to express ideas without ridicule encourages confidence and classroom interaction.

3. Reduces Stress for Teachers

Poorly managed classrooms create frustration and burnout.

Teachers who establish routines and expectations early experience less stress and greater teaching confidence.

Common Classroom Management Challenges in Ghanaian Schools

Teachers in Ghana often face:

Large class sizes
Limited teaching resources
Diverse learner abilities
Noise and distractions
Irregular attendance

Understanding these realities helps teachers develop practical solutions.

Establishing Classroom Rules and Expectations

Clear rules provide structure and consistency.

Effective Classroom Rules

Rules should:

Be simple
Be realistic
Be explained clearly

Example Rules

Raise your hand before speaking
Respect classmates and teachers
Complete assignments on time
Keep the classroom clean

Practical Example

Instead of saying:

“Do not make noise.”

Use:

“Speak only when given permission.”

Positive and specific instructions are easier to follow.

Creating Classroom Routines

Routines reduce confusion and save time.

Examples of Effective Routines

Morning Routine

Greeting learners
Taking attendance
Reviewing previous lessons

Group Work Routine

Assign group leaders
Set time limits
Define roles clearly

Practical Example

A teacher who always begins lessons with a short review question prepares learners mentally for the new lesson.

Building Positive Teacher-Learner Relationships

Respectful relationships improve behaviour and participation.

Practical Strategies

Learn students’ names
Listen to learner concerns
Encourage shy learners
Avoid humiliating students publicly

Practical Example

A learner repeatedly refuses to participate. Instead of punishing immediately, the teacher speaks privately and discovers the learner struggles with reading. The teacher then provides support.

Effective Communication in the Classroom

Communication affects classroom behaviour significantly.

Use Clear Instructions

Weak Instruction

“Do the exercise.”

Improved Instruction

“Open page 12, answer questions 1–5 individually within 10 minutes.”

Clear instructions reduce confusion.

Maintain Appropriate Tone

Teachers should speak firmly but respectfully.

Shouting constantly may create fear rather than discipline.

Managing Large Classrooms Effectively

Large class sizes are common in Ghanaian schools.

Practical Strategies

1. Use Group Work

Divide learners into smaller groups for discussions and activities.

Example

In a class of 60 learners, the teacher forms 10 groups of six students each to discuss environmental sanitation.

2. Move Around the Classroom

Teachers should not remain in one position throughout the lesson.

Walking around:

Maintains attention
Reduces side conversations
Allows monitoring of learners

3. Use Classroom Leaders

Assign responsibilities such as:

Group leaders
Timekeepers
Board cleaners

This improves organisation.

Motivating Learners

Motivated students behave better and participate more actively.

Positive Reinforcement

Recognise effort and improvement.

Practical Example

Instead of focusing only on top-performing students, praise a struggling learner who improves from 4/10 to 7/10.

Use Encouraging Language

Weak Statement

“You are always wrong.”

Better Statement

“Good attempt. Let us improve this part together.”

Positive language builds confidence.

Managing Disruptive Behaviour

Discipline should be corrective, not merely punitive.

Common Causes of Disruption

Boredom
Lack of understanding
Peer influence
Emotional challenges

Teachers should identify causes before reacting.

Practical Strategies for Handling Misbehaviour

1. Proximity Control

Move closer to disruptive learners without interrupting the lesson.

2. Non-Verbal Signals

Eye contact or gestures can stop minor disruptions.

3. Redirect Attention

Ask distracted learners questions related to the lesson.

Practical Example

A learner keeps talking during class. Instead of shouting immediately, the teacher moves closer and asks the learner to explain the previous point discussed.

Encouraging Active Participation

Learners are less disruptive when actively engaged.

Activity-Based Learning

Example

Instead of lecturing about pollution, ask learners to identify environmental problems around their community.

Think-Pair-Share Strategy

Learners think individually
Discuss with a partner
Share with the class

This increases participation.

Classroom Arrangement and Physical Environment

The physical setup affects behaviour and learning.

Effective Seating Arrangements

Arrange seats to:

Allow movement
Improve visibility
Encourage interaction

Practical Example

A teacher notices learners at the back remain inactive. Rearranging the seating improves participation.

Time Management in Classroom Management

Poor time management often leads to disorder.

Practical Tips

Start lessons promptly
Avoid spending too much time on one activity
Use transitions effectively

Example

A teacher uses a short countdown before moving to the next activity. Learners adjust quickly.

Role of Assessment in Classroom Management

Assessment keeps learners focused.

Practical Example

A teacher announces a short quiz at the end of the lesson. Learners remain attentive throughout the class.

Working with Parents

Parents support classroom discipline and learning.

Practical Example

A teacher contacts a parent regarding repeated lateness. Together, they identify transportation difficulties and develop a solution.

Supporting Learners with Different Needs

Some learners require additional support.

Practical Example

A learner struggles to read instructions. The teacher provides oral guidance and simplified explanations.

Technology and Classroom Management

Technology can improve engagement when used properly.

Examples:

Educational videos
Interactive quizzes
Digital presentations

Internal Learning Support

External Reference

For educational standards and professional guidance, refer to Ghana Education Service.

Conclusion

Effective classroom management is essential for successful teaching and learning. It involves planning, communication, consistency, and positive relationships rather than fear and punishment alone.

Teachers who establish routines, engage learners actively, and respond to challenges thoughtfully create classrooms where learning thrives.

Strong classroom management does not happen overnight. It develops through practice, reflection, and continuous improvement.

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How to Improve Student Performance in Basic Schools in Ghana: A Practical Guide for Teachers and School Leaders

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FERDINAND ELLIS

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May 10, 2026

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How to Improve Student Performance in Basic Schools in Ghana: A Practical Guide for Teachers and School Leaders

Ferdinand | EducationGhana | May 10 | How to Improve Student Performance in Basic Schools in Ghana: A Practical Guide for Teachers and School Leaders

Learn practical strategies to improve student performance in Ghanaian basic schools. This guide provides real classroom examples, teaching methods, and assessment techniques.

Introduction

Improving student performance remains a central concern in Ghana’s basic education system. While curriculum reforms and policy interventions continue to evolve, the most decisive factor in student achievement is what happens in the classroom.

In many schools, low performance is not due to lack of intelligence but weak instructional strategies, limited engagement, and ineffective assessment practices. This article provides a practical, classroom-based approach to improving student outcomes, supported with real examples relevant to Ghanaian contexts.

The strategies outlined align with expectations from the Ghana Education Service and curriculum standards from the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment.

Understanding Student Performance

Student performance refers to the extent to which learners achieve expected learning outcomes. It includes:

Academic achievement
Skills development
Participation and engagement

Practical Example

Two classes may be taught the same topic, yet one performs better. The difference often lies in teaching approach and learner involvement, not student ability.

Key Factors Affecting Student Performance

1. Teaching Methods

Traditional lecture-based teaching limits understanding.

Example:
A teacher explains fractions for 30 minutes without interaction. Students memorise but cannot solve problems.

Improved Approach:
The teacher uses real objects such as oranges to demonstrate fractions. Students cut and share, making learning concrete.

2. Student Engagement

Engaged learners perform better.

Example:
In a Social Studies lesson, instead of reading notes, the teacher asks learners to discuss how their community handles waste disposal. Students become active participants.

3. Assessment Practices

Assessment should guide learning, not only measure it.

Example:
Instead of waiting for end-of-term exams, a teacher gives weekly quizzes and provides feedback.

4. Learning Environment

A supportive environment improves performance.

Example:
A classroom with clear rules and organised seating allows better concentration than a noisy, unstructured space.

Effective Teaching Strategies (With Practical Examples)

1. Activity-Based Learning

Learners understand better when they are actively involved.

Example (Science):
Instead of explaining evaporation, the teacher places water in the sun and asks students to observe changes.

Outcome:
Students see the process rather than memorise it.

2. Use of Teaching and Learning Materials (TLMs)

Concrete materials improve understanding.

Example (Mathematics):
Using bottle tops to teach counting and grouping instead of abstract numbers.

3. Differentiated Instruction

Learners have different abilities.

Example:

Fast learners solve advanced questions
Slow learners receive guided support

This ensures no learner is left behind.

4. Questioning Techniques

Effective questioning promotes thinking.

Weak Question:
“What is 2 + 2?”

Improved Question:
“How can you show that 2 + 2 equals 4 using objects?”

5. Group Work and Collaboration

Learning improves through interaction.

Example:
Divide class into groups to solve a problem. Each group presents its answer.

Strengthening Assessment Practices

Assessment should be continuous and meaningful.

Types of Assessment:

Oral questions
Class exercises
Homework
Projects

Practical Example

After teaching a lesson on the environment:

Ask learners to draw their surroundings
Identify environmental problems
Suggest solutions

This assesses understanding beyond memorisation.

Providing Feedback That Improves Learning

Feedback helps learners identify mistakes and improve.

Weak Feedback:
“Wrong answer.”

Effective Feedback:
“You identified the correct concept, but your explanation is incomplete. Try adding an example.”

Improving Study Habits Among Students

Teachers should guide students on how to learn.

Practical Strategies:

Teach note-taking skills
Encourage regular revision
Assign manageable homework

Example:
A teacher shows students how to summarise a topic instead of copying notes.

Role of Classroom Management

A well-managed classroom improves performance.

Practical Example:

Instead of shouting, a teacher establishes rules such as:

Raise your hand before speaking
Respect others’ opinions

Consistency improves discipline and focus.

Supporting Low-Performing Students

Struggling learners need targeted support.

Strategies:

Extra classes
One-on-one support
Peer tutoring

Example:
A teacher pairs a strong student with a weaker one to work together.

Encouraging Student Motivation

Motivated students perform better.

Practical Example:

Praise effort, not only results
Celebrate small achievements
Use rewards such as recognition

Role of Parents in Improving Performance

Parents play an important role.

Practical Example:

Monitor homework
Provide study space
Communicate with teachers

Use of Technology in Improving Learning

Technology can enhance teaching.

Example:

Use videos to explain complex topics
Use educational apps for practice

Monitoring and Tracking Progress

Teachers should track student progress regularly.

Example:

Maintain a simple record:

Test scores
Participation
Improvement areas

This helps identify students who need support.

Internal Learning Support

Related articles:

How to Write Lesson Notes Effectively
Continuous Assessment Explained

External Reference

For policy direction and teaching standards, refer to Ghana Education Service.

Common Mistakes Schools Must Avoid

Over-reliance on rote learning
Ignoring individual differences
Lack of feedback
Poor lesson planning

Building a School-Wide Improvement Strategy

School leaders should:

Support teachers with resources
Encourage collaboration
Monitor teaching quality

Conclusion

Improving student performance requires a practical and consistent approach. It is not achieved through policy alone but through effective teaching, meaningful assessment, and active learner engagement.

Teachers who apply these strategies with commitment and flexibility will see measurable improvement in student outcomes.

7 invigilators arrested for preparing answers for candidates on day 1 of 2026 BECE – WAEC’s Head of Public Affairs

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FERDINAND ELLIS

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May 5, 2026

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7 invigilators arrested for preparing answers for candidates on day 1 of 2026 BECE – WAEC’s Head of Public Affairs

Ferdinand | EducationGhana | May 05 |7 invigilators arrested for preparing answers for candidates on day 1 of 2026 BECE – WAEC’s Head of Public Affairs

The Head of Public Affairs of the West African Examination Council (WAEC) John Kapi has disclosed that seven invigilators have been arrested on day one of the Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE).

Speaking in an interview with 3news on May 4, Mr. Kapi said the incident happened in three regions.

“So we’ve had about seven cases of examination malpractice. Three from Central, two are from Bono, and two from Ashanti. So in total, we have seven.

Five of them were mobile phone infractions, and two of them were preparing answers that they intended to, you know, distribute to their candidates in the examination halls,” he explained.

He further explained that “three of them were not actively invigilating, but the other four were part of the invigilators.”

Mr Kapi wondered why teachers keep involving themselves in such malpractices.

“It is something that is quite baffling, because several appeals have been made. WAEC has done its bit in some parts of the country.

Our regional representatives have held stakeholder engagements. They’ve spoken to teachers, spoken to chiefs, spoken to security personnel, spoken to PTAs, some sections of parents and so on. The Director General was very emphatic about the punishment that will be meted out to teachers who are involved.

The Minister of Education has stressed his, you know, abhorrence for examinational practice. So it baffles me, myself, and maybe many other people why these teachers will still want to get involved in this kind of, you know, situation,” he bemoaned.

According to him, despite these incidents and a few challenges with distribution of examination questions, everything has gone on smoothly.

“We haven’t had any incidents of candidates being denied the opportunity to write the examination. However, one of the major problems we had this morning was with the late arrival of examination material at the various examination centers, especially some parts of the Western Region,” Mr Kapi said.

He assured that that “these are things that we probably will be able to correct as we move on with the exams in the subsequent days.”

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How to Write Lesson Notes Effectively in Ghana: A Complete Guide for Teachers (With Practical Examples)

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FERDINAND ELLIS

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May 5, 2026

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Ferdinand | EducationGhana | May 05 | How to Write Lesson Notes Effectively in Ghana: A Complete Guide for Teachers (With Practical Examples)

Learn how to write effective lesson notes aligned with Ghana’s curriculum. This detailed guide includes practical examples, formats, and strategies for teachers.

Introduction

Lesson notes remain a core requirement in Ghanaian classrooms. They guide teaching, ensure alignment with curriculum standards, and support supervision by school leaders. A well-prepared lesson note does not only satisfy administrative expectations; it improves clarity, classroom engagement, and learning outcomes.

Yet, many teachers either write overly theoretical notes or rely on copied formats that do not translate into effective teaching. The difference between a good and poor lesson note often lies in practical application.

This guide explains how to write effective lesson notes, supported with clear examples aligned with expectations from the Ghana Education Service and the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment.

What Are Lesson Notes?

Lesson notes are structured instructional plans that outline:

What the teacher will teach
How the lesson will be delivered
How learning will be assessed

Practical Example

A weak lesson note might state:

“Teach photosynthesis.”

A strong lesson note specifies:

“By the end of the lesson, learners will explain photosynthesis and identify its importance to plant growth.”

The difference is clarity and measurability.

Why Lesson Notes Matter

1. Provide Direction

Without a plan, teaching becomes disorganised.

Example:
A teacher enters class without a lesson note and spends 15 minutes deciding what to teach. Another teacher with a lesson note begins immediately with a clear introduction and structured activities.

2. Improve Time Management

Lesson notes help allocate time effectively.

Example (40-minute lesson):

Introduction – 5 minutes
Main teaching – 20 minutes
Activity – 10 minutes
Assessment – 5 minutes

Without this structure, lessons often end without proper assessment.

3. Enhance Learning Outcomes

Structured lessons improve understanding.

Example:
Instead of lecturing throughout, a teacher includes group work where learners discuss and present ideas. This increases participation and retention.

Understanding the Curriculum Before Writing

Teachers must align lesson notes with curriculum components:

Strands
Sub-strands
Indicators
Core competencies

Practical Example

Strand: Living Things
Sub-strand: Plant Processes
Indicator: Explain photosynthesis

Your lesson objective must directly reflect this indicator.

Refer to official curriculum documents from National Council for Curriculum and Assessment.

Key Components of an Effective Lesson Note (With Examples)

1. General Information

Example:

Date: 10th March 2026
Class: JHS 1
Subject: Integrated Science
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: Photosynthesis

2. Learning Objectives

Objectives must be clear and measurable.

Weak Objective:
“Understand photosynthesis.”

Improved Objective:
“By the end of the lesson, learners will be able to describe the process of photosynthesis and state two importance of the process.”

3. Teaching and Learning Materials (TLMs)

Example:

Chart showing photosynthesis
Leaves and plant samples
Chalkboard diagram

Practical Tip:
If materials are unavailable, improvise.

Example:
Draw a diagram on the board instead of using a printed chart.

4. Previous Knowledge

Connect new learning to prior knowledge.

Example:
“Learners have previously studied parts of a plant such as leaves and roots.”

This helps learners relate new content to what they already know.

5. Introduction

The introduction should engage learners.

Example:
Teacher asks:
“What do plants need to grow?”

Learners respond:

Water
Sunlight
Soil

Teacher then links responses to photosynthesis.

6. Lesson Development (Main Activity)

This section should include both teacher and learner activities.

Example Format:

Teacher Activity	Learner Activity
Explains photosynthesis using diagram	Observe and take notes
Asks questions	Respond and discuss
Organises group work	Work in groups

Practical Example:
Teacher divides class into groups to discuss why sunlight is important for plants.

7. Assessment

Assessment must align with objectives.

Example Questions:

What is photosynthesis?
Why is sunlight important?

Good Practice:
Include both oral and written questions.

8. Conclusion

Summarise key points.

Example:
Teacher asks:
“What have we learned today?”

Learners respond:
“Plants make food using sunlight.”

9. Assignment

Assignments reinforce learning.

Example:
“Draw and label the process of photosynthesis.”

Aligning Lesson Notes with Competency-Based Learning

The new curriculum requires focus on skills.

Example

Instead of:
“Define photosynthesis”

Use:
“Explain how photosynthesis helps plants survive”

This develops understanding, not memorisation.

Common Mistakes and Practical Corrections

Mistake 1: Overly Long Notes

Correction: Keep notes simple and usable.

Mistake 2: No Learner Activity

Correction: Always include participation.

Mistake 3: Misaligned Objectives

Correction: Ensure objectives match assessment.

Mistake 4: Copying Notes

Correction: Adapt notes to your class.

Tips for Writing Better Lesson Notes

Use simple language
Focus on what learners will do
Include real-life examples
Review notes after teaching

Integrating Technology

Teachers can enhance lessons using:

Videos
Slides
Educational apps

Example:
Show a short video on plant growth before teaching.

Internal Learning Support

Related articles:

External Reference

For teaching standards, consult Ghana Education Service.

Improving Lesson Notes Over Time

After teaching, reflect:

Did learners understand?
Were activities effective?
Was time enough?

Example:
If learners struggled, simplify the next lesson.

Conclusion

Effective lesson notes are practical, clear, and learner-focused. They are not just documents for supervision but tools for improving teaching and learning.

Teachers who combine structure with flexibility and real classroom application will achieve better outcomes.

Ferdinand | EducationGhana | May 04 | Teacher Licensure Examination in Ghana: Complete Guide for Candidates (2026)

Prepare for the Ghana Teacher Licensure Examination with this complete guide. Learn the structure, subjects, registration process, and proven strategies to pass successfully.

Introduction

The Teacher Licensure Examination has become a central requirement for entry into the teaching profession in Ghana. It serves as a quality assurance mechanism to ensure that only qualified and competent individuals are allowed to teach in the country’s schools.

For many graduates from colleges of education and universities, passing this examination is the final step before employment under the Ghana Education Service. However, a significant number of candidates struggle due to poor preparation, limited understanding of the exam structure, and ineffective study strategies.

This guide provides a detailed and practical roadmap to help candidates understand the examination and prepare effectively for success.

What Is the Teacher Licensure Examination?

The Teacher Licensure Examination is a professional qualifying examination organised by the National Teaching Council Ghana. It is designed to assess whether prospective teachers possess the required knowledge, skills, and professional competence to teach.

The examination is mandatory for all trained teachers seeking to work in public schools and, in many cases, private institutions.

Objectives of the Licensure Examination

The examination aims to:

Ensure quality teaching standards across the country
Promote professionalism in teaching
Assess both subject knowledge and pedagogical skills
Improve learning outcomes in schools

By setting a national benchmark, the examination contributes to the overall improvement of education in Ghana.

Structure of the Examination

Understanding the structure is essential for effective preparation.

The Teacher Licensure Examination typically consists of three main papers:

1. General Professional Knowledge

This paper tests knowledge of teaching principles and practices.

Key Areas:

Educational psychology
Curriculum and pedagogy
Assessment and evaluation
Classroom management
Inclusive education

2. Subject Specialisation

Candidates are examined in their area of specialisation, such as:

Mathematics
Science
English
Social Studies

This paper assesses depth of content knowledge and subject-specific teaching strategies.

3. Literacy and Numeracy Skills

This paper evaluates:

Basic language skills
Reading comprehension
Numerical reasoning

Strong performance in this area is essential, as it reflects foundational teaching competence.

Registration Process

Candidates must follow official procedures when registering for the examination.

Steps to Register:

Visit the official portal of the National Teaching Council Ghana
Create an account or log in
Complete the application form
Upload required documents
Pay the registration fee
Print confirmation slip

Applicants must ensure that all details provided are accurate to avoid complications.

Examination Centres and Scheduling

The examination is conducted at designated centres across the country. Candidates are assigned centres based on availability and location.

It is important to:

Confirm your examination centre early
Arrive on time
Carry valid identification

Common Challenges Faced by Candidates

Many candidates fail due to avoidable issues, including:

1. Inadequate Preparation

Relying only on lecture notes without further study.

2. Poor Understanding of Pedagogy

Focusing only on subject content while neglecting teaching methods.

3. Limited Practice

Failure to practise past questions.

4. Examination Anxiety

Lack of confidence and poor time management.

Recognising these challenges is the first step toward overcoming them.

Effective Preparation Strategies

1. Develop a Study Plan

A structured timetable ensures coverage of all topics.

Your plan should:

Allocate time for each paper
Include revision sessions
Set realistic goals

2. Use Past Questions

Past questions are essential for:

Understanding exam patterns
Identifying important topics
Practising time management

Candidates should attempt multiple years of past questions under exam conditions.

3. Focus on Pedagogical Knowledge

Teaching is not only about subject knowledge. Candidates must understand:

How students learn
How to manage classrooms
How to assess learning

4. Join Study Groups

Collaborative learning allows candidates to:

Share ideas
Clarify difficult concepts
Stay motivated

5. Use Recommended Textbooks and Resources

Candidates should rely on:

Official course materials
Curriculum documents
Approved textbooks

For curriculum guidance, refer to National Council for Curriculum and Assessment.

Time Management During the Examination

Proper time management improves performance.

Key Tips:

Read instructions carefully
Allocate time per section
Start with easier questions
Review answers before submission

Avoid spending too much time on a single question.

Importance of Professional Ethics

The licensure examination also reflects expectations of professional conduct.

Candidates should understand:

Teacher responsibilities
Ethical behaviour
Professional standards

These are critical for long-term success in the teaching profession.

After the Examination: What Next?

After completing the examination:

Results are released by the National Teaching Council Ghana
Successful candidates receive certification
Certified teachers can apply for employment

You may find this helpful:
[GES Recruitment: Step-by-Step Application Guide]

Link Between Licensure and Employment

Passing the licensure examination is a requirement for recruitment into the Ghana Education Service.

Candidates must:

Pass all required papers
Meet additional recruitment criteria

Tips for First-Time Candidates

Start preparation early
Focus on understanding, not memorisation
Practise regularly
Stay confident

Tips for Resit Candidates

Candidates who did not pass previously should:

Identify weak areas
Adjust study methods
Seek guidance from experienced teachers
Practise more extensively

Failure is often due to strategy, not ability.

Role of Continuous Professional Development

Even after passing the examination, teachers are expected to continue learning.

The National Teaching Council Ghana promotes continuous professional development to maintain teaching standards.

External Perspective

Global education standards emphasise teacher quality as a key factor in student success. Institutions such as UNESCO highlight the importance of well-trained and certified teachers.

Conclusion

The Teacher Licensure Examination is a critical step in becoming a professional teacher in Ghana. Success requires preparation, discipline, and a clear understanding of both subject content and pedagogy.

Candidates who approach the examination strategically, practise consistently, and maintain confidence are more likely to succeed.

Teaching is a profession that demands commitment, and passing the licensure examination is the beginning of that journey.

How to Study Effectively at Home: A Complete Guide for Students in Ghana

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FERDINAND ELLIS

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May 4, 2026

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Ferdinand | EducationGhana | May 04 | How to Study Effectively at Home: A Complete Guide for Students in Ghana

Learn how to study effectively at home with proven strategies. Improve focus, retention, and exam performance with this complete guide.

Introduction

Effective study is not defined by the number of hours spent reading but by the quality of understanding achieved. Many students spend long hours studying without significant improvement because they lack proper techniques.

Studying at home presents both opportunities and challenges. Without structured guidance, distractions can reduce productivity. This guide provides practical strategies to help students study effectively and achieve better academic results.

Understanding How Learning Works

Learning involves three key processes:

Attention
Understanding
Retention

Students must actively engage with content rather than passively reading.

Research in education by UNESCO emphasises active learning as a key factor in academic success.

Creating an Effective Study Environment

A good study environment improves concentration.

Key Elements:

Quiet location
Proper lighting
Comfortable seating
Minimal distractions

Avoid studying in noisy or crowded areas.

Developing a Study Plan

A structured plan improves consistency.

Steps to Create a Plan:

Set daily study goals
Allocate time per subject
Include revision sessions
Take short breaks

Consistency is more effective than irregular study patterns.

Active Study Techniques

1. Note-Taking

Write short summaries instead of copying entire notes.

2. Self-Testing

Test yourself after studying a topic.

3. Teaching Others

Explaining concepts improves understanding.

4. Practice Questions

Solve past questions regularly.

Managing Time Effectively

Time management is critical.

Tips:

Use a timetable
Avoid procrastination
Study difficult subjects first
Set deadlines

Avoiding Common Distractions

Major distractions include:

Mobile phones
Social media
Noise

Students should create boundaries during study time.

Improving Memory and Retention

To retain information:

Revise regularly
Use diagrams and charts
Connect new knowledge to existing ideas

Importance of Breaks and Rest

Continuous study without rest reduces productivity.

Students should:

Take short breaks every 45–60 minutes
Sleep adequately
Avoid burnout

Internal Learning Support

Related articles:

How to Pass BECE 2026: Complete Study Guide
WASSCE Preparation Guide for SHS Students

External Reference

For broader academic strategies, refer to UNESCO.

Building Discipline and Motivation

Success depends on discipline.

Students should:

Set clear goals
Track progress
Reward achievements

Final Revision Strategy

Before exams:

Focus on key topics
Practise past questions
Avoid new topics

Conclusion

Effective study requires planning, discipline, and the right techniques. Students who adopt structured learning strategies are more likely to succeed academically.

Ghana’s Most Authentic Education News Platform

♥Copyright Notice: Content on This Website is Copyright Protected. No Part of this Content should be Reproduced without the Consent of the Author(s) or Recognition of the source of the Content.© 2020 – 2026 Ellis Multimedia: EducationGhana.org All Rights Reserved.♥

How to Choose the Right Senior High School After BECE in Ghana: A Complete Decision Guide

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FERDINAND ELLIS

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May 4, 2026

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Ferdinand | EducationGhana | May 04 | How to Choose the Right Senior High School After BECE in Ghana: A Complete Decision Guide

Choosing an SHS after BECE can shape your future. This detailed guide explains school selection, programmes, placement strategy, and mistakes to avoid in Ghana.

Introduction

Selecting a senior high school after the Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) is one of the most important academic decisions a student makes in Ghana. The choice influences not only academic performance but also career direction, personal development, and future opportunities.

Despite its importance, many students and parents approach school selection with limited information, often relying on popularity, peer pressure, or incomplete advice. This guide provides a structured and practical framework to support informed decision-making.

Understanding the School Placement System in Ghana

The placement of students into senior high schools is coordinated by the Ghana Education Service through a centralised Computerised School Selection and Placement System (CSSPS).

Students are required to select their preferred schools before BECE results are released. This makes it necessary to plan carefully based on realistic expectations and available information.

Categories of Senior High Schools

Senior high schools in Ghana are generally grouped into categories based on performance, facilities, and demand.

Category A Schools

Highly competitive, with strong academic performance and limited admission spaces.

Category B Schools

Moderately competitive, offering good academic opportunities.

Category C Schools

Less competitive, often with more available space but still capable of producing excellent results.

Students are encouraged to select a balanced mix across categories to improve placement chances.

Key Factors to Consider When Choosing an SHS

1. Academic Performance

A school’s academic track record is a strong indicator of quality. However, performance should be evaluated over time rather than based on a single year.

Students should consider:

WASSCE results trends
University admission rates
Strength in specific subject areas

2. Programme or Course of Study

Programme selection is critical. Students must choose schools that offer their preferred academic pathway.

Common programmes include:

General Science
General Arts
Business
Technical/Vocational

A mismatch between interest and programme can affect motivation and performance.

3. Location and Environment

Location affects accessibility, cost, and student well-being.

Consider:

Distance from home
Boarding or day options
Safety and general environment

Parents often prefer schools within reachable locations, especially for younger students.

4. Facilities and Learning Resources

The quality of facilities plays a role in effective learning.

Important facilities include:

Science laboratories
Libraries
ICT centres
Accommodation

Well-equipped schools provide better learning experiences.

5. Discipline and School Culture

A school’s culture influences student behaviour and academic focus.

Students should consider:

Discipline standards
Academic culture
Extracurricular opportunities

Strategic School Selection Approach

To maximise placement chances, students should:

Choose a mix of Category A, B, and C schools
Select programmes carefully
Avoid choosing only highly competitive schools
Seek guidance from teachers and parents

Common Mistakes Students Must Avoid

Selecting schools based on popularity alone
Ignoring programme availability
Following friends blindly
Choosing unrealistic options

These mistakes often result in placement challenges.

Role of Parents and Teachers

Parents and teachers play a key advisory role.

They should:

Guide students based on ability and interest
Provide accurate information
Encourage realistic decision-making

Internal Guidance

Students can also read:

How to Pass BECE 2026: Complete Study Guide
How to Study Effectively at Home

External Reference

For official updates and placement policies, consult Ministry of Education Ghana.

Final Thoughts

Choosing the right senior high school is not about prestige alone. It is about fit, opportunity, and long-term growth. A well-informed decision increases the likelihood of academic success and personal development.

Ghana’s Most Authentic Education News Platform

♥Copyright Notice: Content on This Website is Copyright Protected. No Part of this Content should be Reproduced without the Consent of the Author(s) or Recognition of the source of the Content.© 2020 – 2026 Ellis Multimedia: EducationGhana.org All Rights Reserved.♥

New Curriculum in Ghana Explained: What Teachers Must Know for Effective Implementation

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FERDINAND ELLIS

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May 4, 2026

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Ferdinand | EducationGhana | May 04 | New Curriculum in Ghana Explained: What Teachers Must Know for Effective Implementation

Understand Ghana’s new standards-based curriculum with this detailed guide for teachers. Learn its structure, key features, assessment methods, and practical classroom strategies.

Introduction

Ghana’s shift to a standards-based curriculum marks one of the most significant reforms in the country’s education system in recent years. The change moves teaching and learning away from rote memorisation towards the development of competencies that prepare learners for real-life challenges.

For teachers, this reform requires a clear understanding of new expectations, instructional approaches, and assessment methods. Without proper interpretation, implementation can become mechanical rather than meaningful. This guide provides a structured explanation of the curriculum and offers practical strategies for effective classroom application.

The reform is led by the Ghana Education Service in collaboration with the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment.

Background to the Curriculum Reform

The introduction of the standards-based curriculum was driven by concerns about learning outcomes in Ghana. Traditional content-heavy approaches often emphasized memorization over understanding, limiting students’ ability to apply knowledge.

The new curriculum aims to:

Promote critical thinking and problem-solving
Develop creativity and innovation
Improve literacy and numeracy outcomes
Prepare learners for lifelong learning

This aligns with global trends in education promoted by organisations such as UNESCO.

Key Features of the New Curriculum

1. Competency-Based Learning

At the heart of the curriculum is the development of competencies rather than mere content coverage. Learners are expected to demonstrate what they can do with knowledge.

Core competencies include:

Critical thinking and problem-solving
Creativity and innovation
Communication and collaboration
Cultural identity and global citizenship

2. Learner-Centred Approach

The curriculum places the learner at the centre of the teaching process. Teachers act as facilitators rather than sole transmitters of knowledge.

This involves:

Encouraging active participation
Promoting inquiry-based learning
Allowing learners to explore and discover

3. Integration of Subjects

At the basic level, subjects are structured to promote connections across disciplines. This helps learners see relationships between concepts and apply knowledge in real contexts.

4. Continuous Assessment

Assessment is no longer limited to end-of-term examinations. Instead, it is ongoing and integrated into the teaching process.

Structure of the Curriculum

Understanding the structure is essential for effective lesson planning.

Key Components:

Strands: Broad areas of learning
Sub-strands: Specific topics within strands
Indicators: Learning outcomes expected from students
Content Standards: What learners should know
Performance Indicators: How learners demonstrate understanding

Teachers must align lesson objectives with these components.

For further clarification, teachers can consult official curriculum documents from National Council for Curriculum and Assessment.

Role of the Teacher in the New Curriculum

The role of the teacher has evolved significantly.

Key Responsibilities:

Facilitate learning rather than lecture
Guide students through problem-solving activities
Encourage collaboration and discussion
Adapt teaching methods to diverse learner needs

Teachers must move beyond traditional methods and adopt flexible instructional strategies.

Instructional Strategies for Effective Implementation

1. Activity-Based Learning

Lessons should include activities that engage learners actively. Examples include:

Group work
Experiments
Role-playing
Project-based tasks

2. Differentiated Instruction

Classrooms contain learners with varying abilities. Teachers should:

Adjust teaching methods
Provide additional support where needed
Challenge advanced learners

3. Use of Teaching and Learning Materials (TLMs)

Effective use of TLMs improves understanding. These may include:

Charts and diagrams
Real-life objects
Digital tools

4. Questioning Techniques

Teachers should use open-ended questions that promote thinking rather than recall.

Example:

Instead of asking “What is photosynthesis?”
Ask “How does photosynthesis affect life on earth?”

Assessment Under the New Curriculum

Assessment is continuous and formative.

Types of Assessment:

Class exercises
Homework
Group work
Projects
Observation

The goal is to track learner progress and provide feedback.

Recording and Reporting

Teachers are required to keep accurate records of learner performance. Assessment results should reflect both knowledge and skills.

Reporting should:

Highlight strengths and weaknesses
Provide constructive feedback
Guide improvement

Challenges in Implementation

Despite its benefits, teachers face several challenges:

1. Limited Resources

Some schools lack adequate teaching materials.

2. Large Class Sizes

Managing interactive lessons becomes difficult.

3. Inadequate Training

Some teachers have limited exposure to the new approach.

4. Time Constraints

Completing lessons while applying new methods can be demanding.

Practical Solutions for Teachers

To address these challenges:

Use locally available materials for teaching
Collaborate with other teachers
Attend professional development programmes
Simplify lesson delivery while maintaining objectives

You may also find this helpful:
[Lesson Planning Guide for Teachers in Ghana] (internal link)

Importance of Teacher Professional Development

Continuous professional development (CPD) is essential for effective implementation.

Teachers should:

Attend workshops and training sessions
Engage in professional learning communities
Stay updated with curriculum changes

The Ghana Education Service regularly organises training programmes to support teachers.

Impact on Learners

When implemented effectively, the new curriculum:

Improves understanding and retention
Develops practical skills
Encourages independent thinking
Prepares learners for real-world challenges

Role of School Leadership

Headteachers and school leaders play a critical role by:

Supporting teachers with resources
Monitoring lesson delivery
Encouraging innovation in teaching

Effective leadership enhances successful implementation.

Parental Involvement

Parents also contribute to the success of the curriculum by:

Supporting learning at home
Encouraging reading habits
Engaging with teachers

Alignment with National Development Goals

The curriculum supports Ghana’s broader educational and developmental objectives, including improving quality education and human capital development.

Conclusion

The standards-based curriculum presents an opportunity to transform education in Ghana. Its success depends largely on how well teachers understand and implement its principles.

Teachers who embrace learner-centred methods, continuous assessment, and practical teaching strategies will significantly improve learning outcomes.

Effective implementation is not achieved overnight. It requires commitment, adaptation, and continuous learning.

Education Budget in Ghana: Key Insights, Challenges, and Implications for National Development

Ferdinand | EducationGhana | May 10 | How to Improve Student Performance in Basic Schools in Ghana: A Practical Guide for Teachers and School Leaders

Introduction

Understanding Ghana’s Education Budget

Why Education Funding Matters

1. Improves Human Capital Development

Practical Example

2. Reduces Inequality

Example

3. Supports National Economic Growth

Major Areas of Education Spending in Ghana

1. Teacher Compensation

Practical Example

Additional Areas Covered

2. Free Senior High School (Free SHS)

Positive Impact of Free SHS

Increased Enrolment

Practical Example

Challenges Associated with Free SHS

3. Infrastructure Development

Practical Example

Rural and Urban Disparities

4. Teaching and Learning Materials

Practical Example

5. Curriculum Reform and Implementation

6. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)

Importance of TVET

Example

7. Scholarships and Student Support

Challenges Facing Ghana’s Education Budget

1. Inadequate Funding Relative to Demand

Example

2. Delayed Release of Funds

Practical Impact

3. Infrastructure Deficits

4. Urban-Rural Inequality

5. Overdependence on Government Funding

The Role of Accountability and Transparency

Practical Example

Education Budget and Learning Outcomes

Example

The Role of Teachers in Maximising Resources

Practical Example

Role of Parents and Communities

International Support and Partnerships

Future Directions for Education Funding in Ghana

Internal Learning Support

Conclusion

Related Articles

Classroom Management Strategies That Work

Continuous Assessment Explained

How to Write Lesson Notes Effectively

Continuous Assessment Explained in Ghana: A Complete Guide for Teachers

Ferdinand | EducationGhana | May 10 | How to Improve Student Performance in Basic Schools in Ghana: A Practical Guide for Teachers and School Leaders

Introduction

What Is Continuous Assessment?

Understanding Formative Assessment

Practical Example

Why Continuous Assessment Matters

1. Identifies Learning Difficulties Early

Example

2. Improves Teaching Effectiveness

Example

3. Encourages Learner Participation

Example

4. Reduces Overdependence on Final Exams

Components of Continuous Assessment

1. Class Exercises

Example

2. Homework

Good Practice Example

3. Oral Questions

Weak Question

Better Question

4. Group Work

Example

5. Projects

Example

6. Observation

Example